Just
the thought of our beloved pets becoming sick is worrisome for pet
parents. We want them to have the best life possible during the short
amount of time that they are with us on Earth. The more that we learn
about the things that can harm them, the better prepared we will be
to protect them! Just hearing the name of Distemper and Parvo can make dog owner shudder and justifiably so!
What is distemper?
Canine distemper is a serious and viral illness in dogs that has no known
cure. It is highly contagious and fatal in far too many cases. It
affects a variety of body systems like gastrointestinal, respiratory,
and central nervous systems. It also affects the eye's conjunctival
membranes. Other wildlife species contract the virus as well, such as
skunks, raccoons, foxes, and wolves. Another carrier of distemper is
also a common household pet - the ferret.
Canine
distemper virus (CDV or CD)
The
canine distemper virus is what actually causes the illness distemper.
Pet owners recoil at hearing distemper, simply because like cancer,
there is no cure yet. Measles is the closest human disease related to
distemper. In fact, the Morbillyirus
virusclass (a measles relative) is where distemper originates. It is also
related to the Phocine
virus and the Rinderpest
virus, which cause seal distemper and cattle distemper respectively.
How
is distemper contracted?
The
most common way that our dogs become infected with the canine
distemper virus is by coming into direct contact with secretions
containing virus particles in another infected animal. This usually
happens just by breathing the same air. It is also possible for
indirect transmission to occur but it is quite rare.
The
virus needs a hospitable environment in which to thrive. If an
infected animal were to sneeze on the couch, another pup could only
become infected if they were to be exposed to the virus particles in
a relatively quick period of time. After a dog has recovered, they
are still able to shed the virus around them, even several weeks
later.
Risk
Factors for Canine Distemper
There
are no genetic markers for canine distemper and it does not
discriminate. Puppies are regularly vaccinated for distemper, but as
with any other vaccination, it takes times to become fully effective.
Pups under the age of four months and dogs who have never been
vaccinated are the most at risk for contracting distemper. If it is
possible for your dog to be exposed to wildlife or their excrement,
they may also end up being at risk.
Canine
distemper symptoms
Multiple
body systems are affected when your pet has distemper. Among the most
seriously affected are the spinal cord, the respiratory tract, the
gastrointestinal tract, and the brain. As you can see, canine
distemper is a horrible disease. While some domestic pets will show
only the mildest of symptoms, others will never recover.
Thanks
to the prevalence of distemper vaccines, vets see fewer cases than
ever before. However, there are localized outbreaks and single cases
that do occur sporadically around the globe.
The
following is a list of common symptoms that may be seen in a domestic
dog with distemper:
- Lethargy
- Appetite loss
- Diarrhea and vomiting
- Nasal and ocular discharge
- Eye inflammation
- Fever
- Bacterial infections
- Hardening of the nose tissue and footpads
- Laboured breathing and / or coughing
- Variable neurological symptoms, including paralysis or weakness, twitching muscles, heightened sensitivity to pain or touch, seizures, and uncoordinated movements
How
to diagnose distemper
Both
clinical signs and pet history are used to diagnose canine distemper.
It may take a long time for any symptoms to become noticeable, and
because they vary from one pet to another, final diagnosis can be
hindered by the presence of secondary infections.
Certain
other infections can mimic the signs of distemper as well, making the
vet's job even harder. Thankfully, there are blood tests capable of
detecting the distemper virus in your pet.
Canine
distemper vaccine
The
canine distemper vaccine is given by your vet as one of the core
vaccines for optimal health. Normally it is a combination shot with
the abbreviation "DHPPV." It includes a vaccine for canine
adenovirus-2 and canine parvovirus infection. D = Distemper HP =
Hepatitis PV= Parvovirus. Depending on the age of the pup, rabies and
Bordetella (kennel cough) may also be given at this time.
The
starting age for vaccination in puppies is around six weeks. They
receive additional booster shots every two to four weeks until they
have reached the age of four months. There is generally a repeat of
the vaccinations after a year and then your vet will set a schedule
appropriate to your pup's life cycles.
Distemper
treatment
There is no cure for distemper. Treatment is all about managing the symptoms and secondary infections that pop up. The potential for a fatal outcome still exists, even with treatment. Your vet will create a plan for treatment based on the symptoms of your pup, but some common options are antibiotics, anticonvulsants, drugs to reduce vomiting, and IV fluids.
Can
distemper pass from dogs to humans?
Even though canine distemper virus is so similar to the measles virus that
inflicts humans, it is NOT possible for the disease to be transmitted
from the family pooch to you (Not Zoonotic). One important distinction however, is
that no illness or symptoms will be present in your body if you do
catch it. In this regard, it is no threat to humans who contract it.
Unfortunately,
you will be a carrier of the virus, making it possible for you to
infect canines that cross your path. This can become a vicious cycle
if your pet infects other humans as well. The best thing you can do
to protect the safety of other pets and people, along with yourself,
is to keep your dog isolated to help stop the spread of infection.
This
side of the coin is not the one you want to be on. Your pup is part
of your family, and as such, it is critical to do everything possible
to help them grow up healthy. Visit your vet on a regular basis for
vaccinations and yearly checkups. Prevention is always the best cure.
References:
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